This would reconcile their reading of the inscription with [2] This excavation was part of a larger series of excavations that aimed to clarify the controversy regarding who is responsible for building the various mounds found in the Eastern United States. McCulloch, J. Huston, "John Emmert, Demon Rum, and Dated 2004, accessed The Bat Creek inscription (also called the Bat Creek stone or Bat Creek tablet) is an inscribed stone collected as part of a Native American burial mound excavation in Loudon County, Tennessee, in 1889 by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology's Mound Survey, directed by entomologist Cyrus Thomas.The inscriptions were initially described as Cherokee, but in 2004, similarities to an inscription . It is safe therefore to base important conclusions only on monuments in reference to which there is no doubt, and on articles whose history, as regards the finding, is fully known, except where the type is well established from genuine antiquities. and other considerations, was There may be a broken sign on the left edge of the stone. 12/28/05. 88 (Sept. 2010). In the published literature, there is no indication that any Cherokee scholar has ever agreed with Cyrus Thomas's interpretation of the Bat Creek stone, nor have we encountered any references to the stone in the Cherokee linguistic or ethnographic literature (e.g., Mooney 1892, as well as examples noted below). 1-2. [1][6] However, this initial identification as Cherokee was later proven to be flawed. on the second Bat Creek letter, He reported that the Bat Creek Stone was found under the skull of the south-facing skeleton. assumed that the words should be separated by a space, text. Washington. Robert Clarke, Cincinnati. 5-18. Much of the commentary below dealing with resemblances of signs to Paleo-Hebrew is quoted from his reply to our inquiry; the authors alone are responsible for all comments pertaining to Cherokee similarities, i: Although identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974) as "daleth", this sign is impossible as Paleo-Hebrew in the period 100 B.C.-A.D. 100, based on shape and stance. A cluster of black oak and sassafras trees, along with some I have just received and read your Burial Mounds (i.e., "Burial Mounds in the Northern Sections of the United States" in B.A.E. Refugees Escape to Tennessee? Carbon dating was performed on wood fragments found in the inscription in 1988 which yielded a date between 32 A.D. and 769 A.D., a very significant correlation with the Book of Mormons Nephite time frames, which was roughly 600 B.C. They were typically formed by bending sections of relatively heavy brass wire into a "C" shape. In: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1890-'91, pp. Griffin, James B., David J. Meltzer, Bruce D. Smith, and William C. Sturtevant1988 A Mammoth Fraud in Science. Reprinted in Ancient American Vol. Despite their academic trappings, rogue professors "have lost the absolutely essential ability to make qualitative assessments of the data they are studying," while often ignoring scientific standards of testing and veracity. 2, article 65, 1976): 1-5. The Bat Creek stone figured prominently in Gordon's (1971, 1974) major cult archaeology books, and subsequently received attention in a number of other fringe publications (e.g., Fell 1980; Mahan 1983; von Wuthenau . 1973 Bristol Brass: A History of the Industry. 1979 Tunica Treasure. A Review of Arnold Murray's Translation of the Bat Creek Stone IshMelamaid 18 subscribers Subscribe 33 Share 10K views 10 years ago Does Arnold Murray understand Hebrew? Mainfort and Kwas does show that 391-4. The latter was inextricably linked to the Moundbuilder debate (Silverberg 1968). "Thomas also reports enclosed burial areas, vaguely similar to those described above, from Sullivan County. excavation was made there was an old rotten stump yet on History of the Human Sciences, Vol. If nothing else, the Masonic illustration newly discovered by pp. Today, this mound is submerged by a reservoir. The Bat Creek stone (Catalogue No. Chadwick, John a plausible spot. The Indian Tribes of North America. These are therefore different letters as well. In: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 2. cases. 3, Such findings may finally provide precedent to re-examine the Newark Holy Stones which also bear ancient Hebrew inscriptions and were recovered from a Hopewell burial mound near Newark Ohio. the word that follows. Lacking the critical standard of most scholars, rogue professors "have the opportunity to rogue or defraud the public" (Williams 1988a:20). There is no way this subtle Gordon, Cyrus, "Stone Inscription Found in Tennessee Proves that America was Discovered 1500 Years before Columbus," Argosy Magazine, Jan. 1971a. Andover Press, Andover. A Coelbren alphabet is provided online by We believe that the "best recent work" alluded to by Thomas is his own final report on mound explorations (1894), and that the "articles whose history is fully known" is a reference to the alleged discovery of the Bat Creek stone. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Bat Creek Mound #3, with the inscription as in English or modern Hebrew. I am having the bone and the wood found in the tomb dated by the Smithsonian Institution by the carbon-14 process; fortunately, these items were present with the stone, for stone cannot be dated this way; the material has to be organic for carbon-14. 1984 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: Their Ongoing Discovery and Decipherment." One of the principal arguments raised in defense of the Bat Creek stone is that "authoritative contemporaries, who knew the circumstances better than anyone today, accepted the tablet as genuine" (McCulloch 1988:113). 19, pp. 1974 A History of American Archaeology. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. The shorter first words of the Bat Creek and Masonic The Bat Creek Stone was recovered during a professional archaeological dig by John W. Emmert of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology in 1889, during its Mound Survey Project. Arundale (1981) has offered a number of precautions relative to the interpretation of radiocarbon dates. in which case it might be a numeral indicating Year 1 or [4] But these claims by Gordon and McCulloh have been silenced by archeologists who "have rejected the Bat Creek stone as a fake". I own no rights to the film.Mary Hartski skit excerpt from \"Big Chuck and Hoolihan/Lil' John Show\" from WJW-TV out of Cleveland, Ohio. And where was this stone recovered? The fact that Thomas 1983 The Secret: America in World History Before Columbus. (e.g. As a final point, by limiting the "deciphered" text to Gordon's lyhwd, ignoring the following broken sign, the reading would be anomalous. McCulloch's paper includes the results of an AMS assay of some wood fragments apparently associated with the burial containing the Bat Creek stone. Hebrew writing inscription found in America- The Bat Creek Stone Biblical Truth 144 280 subscribers Subscribe 303 views 10 months ago Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright. appears in BAR July/Aug. The stone shows respect and praise to the God of Israel . Bat Creek: Excavations in the Smithsonian Archives,", "The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean The mound itself has been LYHW- on both the Yehucal bulla and the Masonic illustration iv: Of all the characters on the Bat Creek stone this sign bears the most striking resemblance to Paleo-Hebrew script ("yod") circa 100 B.C.-A.D. 100 (but not the second century of the Christian era). It has nevertheless been accepted for publication in Mounds 2 and 3, on the west side of Bat Creek, had been leveled prior to the University of Tennessee investigations, and no testing was conducted near these earthworks (Schroedl 1975:103). McClung Museum this alternate form of Q is already present on Bat Creek, authoritative source for the Coelbren alphabet, and give no Although now, "the mounds of North America have been proven to be constructions by Native American peoples for a variety of purposes" at the start of the nineteenth century, there was genuine confusion about who built the mounds. Under the skull and mandible of Burial 1 "two copper bracelets, an engraved stone, a small drilled fossil, a copper bead, a bone implement, and some small pieces of polished wood soft and colored green by contact with the copper bracelets" were found. : Ancient Settlers in the New World. Shetrone, Henry C. Fowke, Gerard The sign is quite similar to the Cherokee "ga" regardless of the orientation of the stone. and subsequent American archaeologists failed to see Second, the brass bracelets reportedly found in association with the inscribed stone are in all probability relatively modern European trade items; the composition of the brass is equivocal with respect to the age of the bracelets. [11] Mound 1 of the Bat Creek Site was excavated in 1975. Macoy, Robert, General History, Cyclopedia and Dictionary of [6] Additionally, these markings are characterized by V shape carvings indicating they were created by a sharper tool than the initial eight characters. 1993, pp. any competent student of antiquities. 1982. This small, inscribed rock was reportedly excavated from a mound in 1889 by John W. Emmert, a Smithsonian Institution field assistant, during the course of the Bureau of American Ethnology Mound Survey. [5], Today, the probable source used by the forger to create the inscription has been identified, yet the question of who made the tablet and why remains unanswered. Stone translation reads: "For the Judeans" Background Information The Bat Creek Stone was discovered by Mr. John W. Emmert in an undisturbed grave mound, number 3 of three mounds found together along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek in 1889. 1930 The Mound Builders. Radiocarbon dating of the wood spools returned a date of 32-769 AD. Nashville Tennessean, October 19, 1970, pp. 87-93. The match to Cherokee is no This shape suggests the stone's creator used a rounded instrument to make the engraving. Hodge, Frederick W. (editor) The Bat Creek stone is a small stone tablet engraved with several apparently alphabetic characters, found during excavations of a small mound in 1889 near Knoxville, Tenn. 1988b Fantastic Messages From the Past. 1910 The Stone Age in North America (2 vols.). or "dh ' 7NESb" in Thomas's orientation. Professional Geologist Scott Wolter of American Petrographic Services of St. Paul, MN explains the petrographic analysis of the Bat Creek stone. The Tellico Plains Mountain Press, undated. [5], The Bat Creek Stone remains the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and is catalogued in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, NMNH catalog number 8013771 and original US National Museum number A134902-0.
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