Gould now began to expand Erie Railway, which further increased the debt of the company. In October 1871, when Tweed was held on $1 million bail, Gould was the chief bondsman. In 1889, he organized the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis which acquired a bottleneck in eastwest railroad traffic at St. Louis, but the government brought an antitrust suit to eliminate the bottleneck control after Gould died. Born on May 27, 1836 in Roxbury, New York , United States. Age, Net Worth, Height, Career, Family, Biography, Wiki, Who is Avantika Sharma (MTV Splitsvilla)? Upon learning that the kidnappers were not given bail, Governor Horace Austin of Minnesota demanded their return; he put the local militia on a state of full readiness. His eldest daughter Helen Miller Gould became a famous philanthropist. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. His father, John Burr Gould, was a farmer and a storekeeper. But it also recounted the old scandal of how he had destroyed the life of his early business partner Charles Leupp. Jay Gould was born on May 27, 1836 in Roxbury, a village located in the Delaware County, New York. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. Try again later. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. He married Helen Day Miller (18381889) in 1863 and they had six children. Gould was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial. While George Russell's Gilded Age character is based on Jay Gould, George and his family might fare better than the Goulds in The Gilded Age season 2, although the Russells' acceptance into high society is bound to come with its own challenges. Tweed and Gould became the subjects of political cartoons by Thomas Nast in 1869. Son of John Burr Gould and Mary Moore More Are you sure that you want to delete this flower? APRIL 30 NEW KICKER PLAN The Cowboys had their eyes on kickers in this NFL Draft, maybe especially Jake Moody, the All-American from Michigan (naturally, given what Dallas did with its first two . Ultimately the railroad fell into the hands of Gould, though he was happy to let Fisk, dubbed the Prince of Erie, be its public face. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. However, the partnership did not last. This browser does not support getting your location. He bought and reorganized the Rutland and Washington Railway, and in 1867 he became a director of the Erie Railroad. In 1854, he surveyed and created maps of the Ulster County, New York, area. Login to find your connection. By 1879, Gould gained control of three more important western railroads, including the Missouri Pacific Railroad. Failed to report flower. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. Soon after this, a political controversy erupted over a federal loan he had taken and because of that, he was forced to quit Pacific Union Railroad in 1883. Gould eventually took physical possession, but he was later forced to sell his shares in the company to Lee's brother.[10]. The railroads were making profits and set their own rates, and his wealth increased dramatically. [16][17] The incident resulted in Gould losing any possibility of taking control of Erie Railroad. Leupp lost all his money, while Gould took advantage of the opportunity of the depreciation of property value and bought up former partnership properties for himself. Brother of Sarah B Gould; Anna Gould; Nancy Gould; Mary Gould; Elizabeth Gould and 5 others; William Gould; ? "Biography of Jay Gould, Notorious Robber Baron." Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. In 1889, Gould organized the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. In 1859 he relocated to New York City, where he became a broker in railway stocks. He also worked for a time in a blacksmith shop before becoming involved in a leather tanning business in northern Pennsylvania. The stock market was largely unregulated at the time, and Gould became adept at manipulating stocks. In 1856, Gould met Zadock Pratt, an established businessman and a tannery owner. Leaves $30,000,000. Jay Gould is a famous American Model and Instagram star who gained prominence for posting his modeling campaign pictures on his Instagram handle. From 1854 to 1856, over a period of three years, Gould surveyed Ulster, Albany and Delaware counties of the New York State and created the maps of that region. Related:The Gilded Age: Why Gladys Can't Enter Society (But Bridgerton's Daphne Could). No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. [16][17] This led to an international incident between the United States and Canada. Corrections? CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Side by side, he also acquired shares in various other companies such as Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company, Missouri Pacific Railroad etc. Sorry! Gordon-Gordon was eventually ordered to be deported but committed suicide before the order could be carried out. Gould died of tuberculosis, then referred to as "consumption" on December 2, 1892, and was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, New York. Jay Gould (genealogical #326Alexander More's line) is Americas 9th wealthiest man of all time! Age, Net Worth, Height, Career, Family, Biography, Wiki, Who is Kimbella Matos? Jay Gould, original name Jason Gould, (born May 27, 1836, Roxbury, New York, U.S.died December 2, 1892, New York, New York), American railroad executive, financier, and speculator, an important railroad developer who was one of the most unscrupulous "robber barons" of 19th-century American capitalism. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Try again later. New York State Mansions / Hudson River Valley / Staatsburgh, New York State Mansions / Hudson River Valley / Tarrytown, New York State Mansions / Hudson Valley / Yonkers, New York State Mansions / Long Island / Cold Spring Harbor, New York State Mansions / Long Island / Gates, New York State Mansions / Long Island / Glen Cove, New York State Mansions / Long Island / Lattingtown. Thishas already placed himin opposition to the old money families,who look down on him, and this is especially evident with Donna Murphy's Mrs. Astor. His father, John Burr Gould, was a farmer and a storekeeper. By 1882, he had acquired controlling interest in 15 percent of the country's rail tracks and owned a huge amount of shares in different railroad companies. Gould was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial. In one shady episode, Gould became involved with businessman Cyrus Field, who decades earlier had masterminded the creation of the transatlantic telegraph cable. in Roxbury, New York , United States, Died on December 02, 1892 Lake View Plot, Sections 60 & 73, Gould Mausoleum, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/408/jay-gould. In August 1869, Gould and Fisk began to buy gold in an attempt to corner the market, hoping that the increase in the price of gold would increase the price of wheat such that western farmers would sell, causing a great amount of shipping of bread stuffs eastward, increasing freight business for the Erie railroad. He and Jennifer Beryl Bruce were divorced in 1946. He bribed Gordon-Gordon with a million dollars in stock, but Gordon-Gordon was an impostor and cashed the stock immediately. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. New York State Mansions / Long Island / Roslyn, New York State Mansions / Long Island / Sands Point, New York State Mansions / Long Island / Southampton, New York State Mansions / Thousand Islands. Learn more about managing a memorial . Her Entertaining Was a Feature of British Capital. It was widely believed that Gould would bribe politicians and judges and was thereby able to skirt whatever laws might have curtailed his unethical practices. Some accounts also mention that he worked at his fathers hardware store for some time. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Your email address will not be published. cemeteries found in Bronx, Bronx County, New York, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. He is recognized as an American multi-millionaire of the Gilded Age, who became known as a ruthless businessman, sometimes working outside of the law to make a profit. 0 cemeteries found in Bronx, Bronx County, New York, USA. Father of George Jay Gould I; Edwin Gould, I; Helen Miller Shepard; Howard Gould; Anna Gould and 1 other; and Frank Jay Gould less Gould's maternal grandfather Alexander T. More was a businessman, and his great-grandfather John More was a Scottish immigrant who founded the town of Moresville, New York. Canadian authorities put them in prison and refused them bail,[17][18] and this led to an international incident between the United States and Canada. The Gilded Age's George Russell is based on a real-life robber baron whose contentious relationship with the real Mrs. Astor hints at George's arc. Required fields are marked *. Jay Gould (born JasonGould; May 27, 1836December 2, 1892) was a businessman who came to personify the robber baron in the late 19th century. JAT, Roxbury, Delaware County, New York, United States, New York, New York County, New York, United States, New York, New York, New York, United States, Railroad Transportation in Canada and the United States, Riverine Herald (Echuca, Vic. Now possessed of a fortune of $25 million, Gould turned his attention to railroads in the West. The kidnappers were put in prison and refused bail. Philanthropist and Daughter of Jay Gould Got Permission to Marry. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. Nonetheless, Jay Gould probably knew the Tiffany family at a very early point in Louis C. Tiffany's career. Mlr, "THE MELBOURNE DAILEBR.) Instead of helping Gould, Gordon-Gordon cashed the stock and fled to Canada, where he convinced the authorities that he was innocent. Miu, good race, and thus become winners of tho trophy. Biography of Jay Gould, Notorious Robber Baron. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Oops, something didn't work. He willed all of his fortune to his family. Age, Height, Net Worth, Career, Family, Wiki, Biography. Historys verdict on Gould has been no kinder than the newspapers of his own era. Gould also started an ice harvesting industry on the large Gouldsboro lake. Died : December 2, 1892 in New York, New York. The Erie War played out as a bizarre spectacle of business intrigue and public drama. "Houses of the Hamptons, 1880-1930 Revised Edition", Acanthus Press 2013. Gould less. Weve updated the security on the site. Geni requires JavaScript! Mrs. W.M. Abhishek Pradhan Currently, he is struggling and working hard in order to make his career in modeling. After returning that railroad to profitability, he purchased and reorganized the Rutland & Washington Railway, gaining another large profit. "Houses of the Hamptons, 1880-1930, Revised Edition" Acanthus Press 2013, Institute of Classical Architecture & Classical America, Long Island's Prominent Families: Their Estates and Their Country Homes, Websites for the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, Books about Gilded Age Mansions and Families, Books about Gilded Age Mansions/Families/Society, Books about the Gilded Age in New York City, Lectures about New York State Mansions/ Fifth Avenue, Lectures about New York State Mansions/ Long Island. progress in sub-: jugating the revolting tribe. Jason Gould (; May 27, 1836 December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who is generally identified as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. Entrepreneur. Mrs. Astor's Four Hundred Club was an exclusive group of people that had been carefully curated by the real-life Ward McAllister (Nathan Lane), who will soon appear inThe Gilded Age. Gould; ? -r DEATH OF. Jay Gould III was born on 13 May 1920. Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis, John Graham Hope DeLaPoer Horsley Beresford, New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission: "West-Park Presbyterian", History of the Reformed Church of Roxbury, Delaware County, New York, "George J. Gould Dies in Villa in France. Beginning in 1879, he gained control of four western railroads, including the Union Pacific, which completed part of the transcontinental railroad, and the Missouri Pacific Railroad. Howard De Talleyrand, Prince De Sagan, 19, Succumbs In Paris After 11 Days. He was called the "Robber Baron." If not, see our friends at Ancestry DNA. However, some historians claim that he was unfairly portrayed as being more villainous than he really was. He was Amazon.com's first-ever history editor and has bylines in New York, the Chicago Tribune, and other national outlets. Realizing that he had been duped, Gould now went after him and had him kidnapped; but while crossing the border, he was caught and jailed. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Walking Down Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, Theodore Roosevelt and the New York Police Department, The History of US Government Financial Bailouts, Ulysses Grant - Eighteenth President of the United States. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. The family of the late paleontologist and evolutionary scientist Stephen Jay Gould sued two Boston hospitals and three doctors Friday, alleging the famed author would still be alive if they had . And while Gould genuinely seemed to like Fisk, historians speculate that Gould saw value in having a partner who drew attention away from him. [21], Gould was a member of West Presbyterian Church at 31 West 42nd Street. His fortune was conservatively estimated for tax purposes at $72 million (equivalent to $2.17billion in 2023[25]), which he willed in its entirety to his family.[5]. To use this feature, use a newer browser. Who is the character George Russell inThe Gilded Agebased on? Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Youngest daughter of Jay Gould", "Anna Gould's Son, Self-Wounded, Dies. Lord Gordon-Gordon Lord Gordon-Gordon, In 1873 Gould attempted to take control of the Erie Railroad by recruiting foreign investments from Lord Gordon-Gordon, whom he believed was a cousin of the wealthy Campbells looking to buy land for immigrants. McNamara, Robert. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. Although he was later freed on the intervention of his powerful friends, the ensuing scandal meant that Gould would never be able to take control of Erie Railroad. Gould sued him, and the case went to trial in March 1873. March 27, 2023, 5:42 pm, Your email address will not be published. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their . Jay Gould timeline See also Lord Gordon-Gordon, who took a $1 million bribe from Gould. Sometime around 1866, Gould, along with James Fisk, became a board member of Erie Railroad, which was undergoing financial trouble and had been put under receivership. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. Gould acquired Pacific Telegraph Company in 1874 and Missouri Pacific Railroad in 1879. He is 6 feet 1 inch tall and his weight is approximately 78 kg. Long Island North Shore Estates & Mansions, Movies about Gilded Age Mansions and Society, Movies about Gilded Age Mansions and Society/ Haunted Houses and the Supernatural, New York State / Long Island / Glen Cove/ Morgan / Salutations. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. based on information from your browser. But he remained active in the railroad business, buying and selling vast amounts of railroad stock. New York State / Long Island / Great Neck. The will of, .idea of'a distant Republic as hinted at by some members. First Became Ill in March. That said, production for the second season has already begun, and the cast photos shows George and Bertha appearing gleeful, likely due to the positive events in the season 1 finale. [17][18], After being forced out of the Erie Railroad, Gould started to build up a system of railroads in the midwest and west. New York State / Long Island / Port Washington. [8] A year later, the blacksmith offered him half interest in the blacksmith shop, which he sold to his father during the early part of 1854. Ever since as a child, he was passionate and ambitious about fashion and modeling and has been working hard to make his career. These speculations in gold culminated in the panic of Black Friday, on September 24, 1869, when the premium over face value on a gold Double Eagle fell from 62% to 35%. Lectures about New York State Mansions/ Long Island. As Fisk lay dying, Gould rushed to his side, as did another friend, William M. Boss Tweed, the leader of Tammany Hall, New Yorks infamous political machine. Husband of Helen Day Miller Jay is currently single and his past relationships are still unknown. Soon he was in controlof 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of railway, which was about one-ninth of the prevailing railway length in the US of that era. There was a problem getting your location. As the Gould-Fisk ring increased its stake, gold's value climbed to dizzying heights. After leaving school, he was a blacksmith and had a tannery for a short time. Concurrently, he continued his education in private, studying at night, putting special emphasis on mathematics and surveying. Leupp's brother-in-law David W. Lee was also a partner in Leupp and Gould, and he took armed control of the tannery. If so, login to add it. Jay Gould died from tuberculosis on December 2, 1892 in New York. Try again. Court Tennis Star. Officer In 1918", "Jay Gould Is Dead. Please reset your password. Son of Railroad Financier and Builder Was Noted for Benefactions to Children. With scheming led by Gould, the men became involved in a war for control of the Erie Railroad with the richest man in America, Cornelius Vanderbilt. Although no official release date has been announced, it's likely that the second season will see the light of day sometime in the summer or spring of 2023. Thousands of Minnesotans volunteered for a full military invasion of Canada. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. Wrong username or password. In the 1870s, Gould bought up various railroads during a time when a financial panic drove down prices. The gripping biography of Jay Gould, the greatest 19th-century robber barons, whose brilliance, greed, and bare-knuckled tactics made him richer than Rockefeller and led Wall Street to institute its first financial reforms. Between 1885 and 1889, he gained control of the Wabash and the Texas and Pacific Railroads and after reorganizing them, he tied them to his Missouri Pacific system. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. Fisk was prone to attracting attention with very public stunts. During the Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886, he hired strikebreakers. Governor Horace Austin of Minnesota demanded their return when he learned that they had been denied bail, and he put the local militia on full readiness, and thousands of Minnesotans volunteered for an invasion of Canada. Please enter your email and password to sign in. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/jay-gould-notorious-robber-baron-1773957. In 1856 he published History of Delaware County, and Border Wars of New York, which he had spent several years writing. He and Jennifer Beryl Bruce were divorced in 1946. George had seven legitimate and three . He and three other men are credited in covering the stock market in loose gold, causing the financial panic of "Black Friday" on September 24, 1869. Following the death of Fisk, Gould was ousted as head of the Erie Railroad. To sustain himself, sixteen years old Jay began working as a book keeper for a blacksmith. Gould and his family at the wedding of his sister, Helen Miller Shepard in 1913. [26] It is located within the Main Street Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Indeed,The Gilded Age's true story inspiration could shine a light on what's in store for the wealthy industrialist George Russell. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. [21] The family mausoleum was designed by Francis O'Hara (18301900) of Ireland. He now began running the company and made a lot of money from it. He bought other lines as well, so that by 1881, at its peak, his railroad empire was the largest one in the nation, totaling about 15,800 miles (25,500 km) of track, or 15 percent of the United States total rail mileage. Field lost his fortune, and Gould, as ever, seemed to profit. . [2][3][4], Gould was born in Roxbury, New York, to Mary More (17981841) and John Burr Gould (17921866). "[18] Personal life, Gould was a member of West Presbyterian Church at 31 West 42nd Street. Left School of Finance. In 1868, he partnered with James Fisk to successfully fight Cornelius Vanderbilt for control of the Erie Railroad. Fast Facts: Jay Gould. Grandson of Founder of Family Fortune Dies. Gould bribed Gordon-Gordon with $1 million in stock. He went to a local high school in Los Angeles to complete his secondary education and has graduated from a private university in California. According to labor unionists, he said at the time, "I can hire one-half of the working class to kill the other half. He is recognized as an American multi-millionaire of the Gilded Age, who became known as a ruthless businessman, sometimes working outside of the law to make a profit. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. We will soon update it as we receive the information. Benefactions in War With Spain. (2023, April 5). In between, he had owned and lost a tannery, dealt in lumber, used banks to finance his speculations and bribed legislatures and judges to legalize his illegal dealings. . In August, a $100 gold piece had sold for around $132 in greenbacks, but only a few weeks later, the price . Research devoted solely to this person has either not yet taken place or . Jay Gould, original name Jason Gould, (born May 27, 1836, Roxbury, New York, U.S.died December 2, 1892, New York, New York), American railroad executive, financier, and speculator, an important railroad developer who was one of the most unscrupulous robber barons of 19th-century American capitalism. Gould now turned his attention to Mid West and West and began to buy stocks of Union Pacific Railroad in bulk. Among them, his eldest son George Jay Gould I became famous as the owner and manager of several railway companies. Br CARLS' MASSAGE. He quickly mastered the art of stock trading and manipulation. George Jay Gould I (February 6, 1864 - May 16, 1923) was a financier and the son of Jay Gould. 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. WhileGeorge Russell'sGilded Agecharacter is based on Jay Gould, George and his family might fare better than the Goulds inThe Gilded Age season 2, although the Russells' acceptance into high society is bound to come with its own challenges. Abhishek Pradhan Jay Gould is from Los Angeles, California, U.S. by But, Gordon-Gordon was an imposter; he cashed the stock immediately. Also Known As : Jason Gould. Gould now used the opportunity to buy out the properties for himself. Descendant of Pioneers", "Howard Gould dies here at 88 [l]ast surviving son of Jay Gould, rail financier, yachtsman, auto racer", "Duchesse de Talleyrand Is Dead. New York State / Long Island / Locust Valley, New York State / Long Island / Mill Neck / Work / Oak Knoll, New York State / Long Island / North Hills, New York State / Long Island / Old Westbury/ Rose / Overland House, New York State / Long Island / Oyster Bay Cove/ Farwell / Mallow. New York State Mansions/ Hudson River Valley/Staatsburg. George Russell shares both of these things in common with his real-life counterpart. Jay Gould III was born on 13 May 1920. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Although Gould initially made a small profit, he lost it in the law suits that followed. The 1914 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show was a banner year for the Gould family. From the late summer of 1869, Gould began to hoard large amounts of gold.This resulted in the rise in gold price and fall in value of dollar. LONDON. New York State Mansions / Long Island / Oyster Bay. At the time of his death, Gould was a benefactor in the reconstruction of the Reformed Church of Roxbury, New York, now known as the Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. There were investigations into what had unfolded, but Gould had carefully covered his tracks. Born Jason Gould. He fought in the Second World War. Gould married Helen Day Miller (18381889) in 1863; they had: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Industrialist, Businessman. Try again later. Jay is a fitness enthusiast as he loves going to the gym and excersing. That said, production for the second season has already begun, and the cast photos shows George and Bertha appearing gleeful, likely due to the . Gould made a small profit from this operation by hedging against his own attempted corner as it was about to collapse, but he lost it in subsequent lawsuits. American industrialist and philanthropist, American industrialist and philanthropist [17941877]. [4] Some modern historians working from primary sources have discounted various myths about him. Oops, we were unable to send the email. Christian Hogue is a popular American Model ad Instagram Star. More importantly, the deal initiated him into the speculation business. GREAT NEWS! Bhumika Sharma He usually posts pictures of himself experimenting on his fashion sense with various clothes including different designs and unique clothing. In terms of storyline,The Gilded Ageseason 2 will reveal the results of George and Bertha's membershipof high society, as well as whether or not Mr. Raikes (Thomas Cocquerel) and Marian will elope. Born : May 27, 1836 in Roxbury, New York. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Jay Gould (408)? Gould died of tuberculosis on December 2, 1892, and was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York. He went to a local high school in Los Angeles to complete his secondary education and has graduated from a private university in California. In 1873, Gould attempted to take control of the Erie Railroad by recruiting foreign investments from Lord Gordon-Gordon, supposedly a cousin of the wealthy Campbell clan who was buying land for immigrants. Updates? After negotiations, the Canadian authorities released them on bail. His great hobby was raising orchids in a greenhouse attached to his mansion. AN AMERICAN ' ' ' '' MILLIONAIRE. Her all-time favorite franchise is Star Wars and she can most certainly recite every line from Parks and Recreation. He sold that to his father in 1854 and with that money he moved to New York, where he opened a survey business. There is a problem with your email/password. The Goulds and the Tiffanys both went to the Presbyterian Church in Irvington and in a surviving letter to the church, Helen Gould (Jay Gould's daughter) referred to the "younger Tiffany" implying she knew both Louis C. Tiffany . In 1874, he took control of the company and immediately began to reorganize its whole structure. When Gould withdrew from management of the Union Pacific in 1883 amidst political controversy over its debts to the federal government, he realized a large profit for himself. Family tree of Jay Gould. inInstagram Star, Model. Jason Gould ( / uld /; May 27, 1836 - December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who is generally identified as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. He died in 1892 leaving a fortune of $70 million and a gothic revival mansion on the Hudson River, Lyndhurst Castle, that is now part of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Was Noted As Hostess. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. One of the railroad barons of the 19th century, Gould owned the Union Pacific Railroad and the Western Union Telegraph Company. Wife of British Knight. In the 1880s, Gould became involved in transportation in New York City, operating an elevated railroad in Manhattan. Other historians argue that his business activities did, in reality, perform useful functions, such as greatly improving railroad service in the West.
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